药物成份或治疗方案详述:
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分组方法及穴位治疗的具体方法:所有入选的患者按入院次序随机分入①常规治疗组:患者入 ICU 后, 按中华医学会神经外科学分会的《2013 神经外科重症管理专家共识》, 按中华医学会神经外科学分会的《2016 中国神经外科重症患者消化与营养管理专家共识》以及 2016 年美国重症医学会和美国肠外肠内营养学会的《成人危重患者营养支持疗法的评估和规定指南》等指南的建议进行营养支持治疗,其他的对症支持治疗按 ICU 内常规的治疗进行。②早期 TEAS特定穴组:在常规治疗的基础上,入组的患者在发病后 24-48h 区间内或准备给予肠内营养之前,针灸医师,取双侧足三里、上巨虚、天枢、内关、合谷特定穴给予 TEAS 治疗每次 30min,每天 2 次。治疗时间为 2 周。两组患者除 TEAS 穴位治疗外其他治疗无特殊差别。 患者的肠内营养方式及出现胃肠道功能障碍后的处理方法: ①入院后常规留置鼻胃管,24~48h 内开始实施肠内营养。开始之初,给 予肠内营养剂短肽制剂和肠内营养混悬液采用输液泵 24 小时匀速输注,开始滴速为 20~30ml/ h,治疗第一日给予(短肽制剂)500ml 左右,若未发生胃肠道不良反应,第二日给予 1000ml(短肽制剂和肠内营养混悬液各 500ml),以 42ml/h 的速度泵入;若未发生胃潴留、无明显反流、腹胀、腹泻等胃肠道不良反应,第三日反应,全量给予肠内营养混悬液并按 50~80ml/h 的滴速持续泵入,按 20~30Kcal/kg·d 的热量供能,每天用量为 1000~2000ml。但以按 25Kcal/kg·d 的热量供能为达标能量供给。②按 2012 欧洲危重病学会急性胃肠损伤共识,对患者胃肠道障碍进行分级,按不同分级给予处理,如: 患者为 AGIⅡ级,患者出现胃轻瘫伴有大量胃潴留或返流、下消化道麻痹、 腹泻、食物不耐受(尝试肠内营养途径72 h 未达到 20 kcal/kg BW/d 目标)等症状。则给予应用促动力药物, 当促动力药无效时,给予幽门后营养等处理。 ③急性胃肠损伤(AGI)分级指标观察:按2012重症患者胃肠道功能障碍欧洲危重病医学会(ESICM)推荐意见中的 AGI 分级方式,每日对患者进行分级评估并记录 2 周。 ④ 营养状况指标观察: 在发病后第 1、3、7、10、14、天检查患者的血红蛋白、血清总蛋白、前白蛋白指标。⑤免疫状况指标的观察:在发病后第 7、14、天检查患者血清中的 IgG、 IgA、IgM; CD4 及 CD4/CD8 比值等指标。 ⑥整体治疗指标的观察:患者机械通气的时间,住 ICU 的时间。
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Description for medicine or protocol of treatment in detail:
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Grouping method and specific method of acupoint treatment: All the enrolled patients were randomly assigned to the routine treatment group according to the admission order: Patients in ICU, according to the neurological surgery branch of the Chinese medical association "2013 neurosurgery intensive management expert consensus", in neurological surgery branch of the Chinese medical association "2016 Chinese patients with neurosurgical intensive digestion and the nutrient management expert consensus" and the United States in 2016 severe medical association and the American society for parenteral enteral nutrition in the adult critically ill patients with nutritional support therapy evaluation and provisions of the guide to guide suggestion for nutrition support treatment, such as other support therapy according to routine treatment in ICU. (2) Early TEAS as as specific acupoints: on the basis of routine treatment, acupuncture doctors should treat patients as as as as as specific acupoints in both sides as if they were in the 24-48h interval after onset or before they are ready to provide enteral nutrition as, taking as as for specific acupoints in zhusanli, Zhushu, Tianshu, Neiguan and Hegu for 30min each time, twice a day. The duration of treatment was 2 weeks. As acupoint therapy, there was no special difference between the two groups. Methods of enteral nutrition and management of gastrointestinal dysfunction: After admission, nasogastric tube was routinely indwrenched, and enteral nutrition was implemented within 24 ~ 48 hours. The beginning of the give in short peptide enteral nutrition agent preparation and enteral nutrition mixed suspension using uniform infusion infusion pump for 24 hours, began to drop to 20 ~ 30 ml/h, treatment on the first day to around 500 ml (short peptide preparation), if not occurred gastrointestinal adverse reactions, the second day to 1000 ml (short peptide preparation and enteral nutrition mixed suspension each 500 ml), pumping at the speed of 42 ml/h; If gastric retention, reflux, abdominal distension, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal adverse reactions do not occur, on the third day, the enteral nutritional suspension should be given in full and continuously pumped at a drop rate of 50 ~ 80ml/h. The daily dosage should be 1000 ~ 2000ml according to the calorie supply rate of 20 ~ 30Kcal/kg·d. However, the heat supply at 25Kcal/kg·d is taken as the standard energy supply. (2) according to the 2012 European society of critical patients with gastrointestinal tract injury and acute consensus, was carried out on the patients with gastrointestinal disorder classification, according to different classification for processing, such as: the patient is AGI Ⅱ level, gastroparesis patients accompanied by a large number of gastric retention or regurgitation and lower gastrointestinal paralysis, diarrhea, food intolerance (try enteral nutrition way 72 h has not reached 20 kcal/kg BW/d) and other symptoms. Then give the application of pro-dynamic drugs, when the pro-dynamic drugs are ineffective, give the pyloric nutrition treatment. Observation of AGI classification index: According to the AGI classification method recommended by the European Critical Care Medical Association (ESICM) for severe patients with gastroenteric dysfunction in 2012, the patients were graded daily and recorded for 2 weeks. (4) Observation of nutritional status indicators: in the first, third, seventh, tenth, fourteenth, day after the onset of the patient's hemoglobin, serum total protein, pre-albumin indicators. Observation of immune status indicators: the serum IgG, IgA and IgM of the patients were examined on the 7th, 14th and 14th days after the onset of the disease; Indicators such as CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio. Observation of overall treatment indicators: time of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay.
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