Description for medicine or protocol of treatment in detail:
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Eighty patients were randomly divided into cement-augmented pedicle screw group (CAPS group, 40 cases) and cementing the apical and terminal pedicle screw(CATPS group, 40 cases). The age, gender, diagnosis, bone mineral density, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, hypertension, smoking, fixed segment, lumbosacral fixation, visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), follow-up time, operation time, blood loss, hospital stay, hospitalization costs, perioperative complications (such as pulmonary embolism/incision infection/lower limb pain), cement leakage rate, screw loosening rate, fusion rate were assessed
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Inclusion criteria
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1. diagnosed with lumbar degenerative diseases, including lumbar spondylolisthesis, lumbar spinal stenosis, degenerative scoliosis, spinal instability;
2. patients suffered from severe low back pain and/or lower limb pain before operation and were ineffective after regular conservative treatment for more than three months.
3. patients with lumbar vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and T <= -2.5 SD.
4. patients with posterior interbody fusion and using consecutive 2-level (fusion segment:L2-L4, L3-L5 or L4-S1) or 3-level (fusion segment: L2-L5 or L3-S1) pedicle screw implanting.
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