研究目的:
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目前西医用于治疗膝骨关节炎的治疗方式以口服非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)与关节腔内药物注射为主。NSAIDs类药主要通过抑制环氧化酶(COX)来阻断前列腺素的产生来达到抗炎镇痛目的。但前列腺素同时具有胃粘膜保护、调节肾功能等多种生理功能,因而大多数NSAIDs在抑制前列腺素发挥抗炎镇痛作用的同时也具有消化道副反应。虽然晚近COX-2特异性、选择性抑制剂的出现使这类药物有了新的发展,但对COX-2/COX-1的抑制程度及其作用仍有争议;另一方面有研究认为部分NSAIDs对软骨基质代谢有负面作用[1]。而原先认为具有潜在软骨保护作用的氨基葡萄糖(Glucosamine)类药物在近年的研究中发现其作用仍不肯定,且对临床疼痛等症状的改善缺乏效用[2-3]。
刺络放血疗法历史悠久,文献记载始于1973年底在湖南马王堆汉墓中出土我国现存最古的医学方书《五十二病方》。刺络放血疗法具有除恶血、通经脉、调血气、改变经络中气血运行[14]。《素问阴阳应像大论》指出:“血实宜决之”。张景岳注:“决,为泄去其血也”杨继洲在《针灸大成》中亦云:“人之气血凝滞不通,犹水之凝滞而不通也。水之不通,决之使流于湖海,气血不通,针之使周于经脉。”剌血的部位在脉络,因此刺络放血疗法影响的不外乎气与血,气血关系失调即是刺络放血疗法的适应症。所以针刺放血疗法治疗疾病,既可以疏通经络中壅滞的气血,使气滞血疲的一系列病变恢复正常,从而达到治疗疾病的目的。
膜韧膏由红花、当归等16味中药组成,具有活血、消肿止痛之功效,是上海中医药大学附属曙光医院用于治疗急、慢性软组织损伤和其他一些常见的骨伤科疾病的医院内部制剂,已有50多年历史,疗效显著[4]。
范华雨等[5]认为中医外治法可以通过延缓软骨细胞异常凋亡,调节细胞外基质的降解,抑制炎症因子,减缓关节软骨的损伤,降低骨内压,改善血液循环等机制发挥治疗KOA的作用。
本研究将跪行作为基础治疗,加载刺络放血及膜韧膏,比较跪行、跪行合刺络放血、跪行合膜韧膏三者之间的疗效差异,为临床上KOA的治疗提供参考。其研究结果将用于临床膝骨关节炎患者的治疗。
本研究项目计划于本月在中国临床试验中心进行注册,并通过中国临床试验中心伦理委员会审议,是遵从中国国家相关法规和赫尔辛基宣言等保护受试者权益的伦理原则的。
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Objectives of Study:
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目前西医用于治疗膝骨关节炎的治疗方式以口服非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)与关节腔内药物注射为主NSAIDs类药主要通过抑制环氧化酶(COX)来阻断前列腺素的产生来达到抗炎镇痛目的但前列腺素同时具有胃粘膜保护、调节肾功能等多种生理功能,因而大多数NSAIDs在抑制前列腺素发挥抗炎镇痛作用的同时也具有消化道副反应。虽然晚近COX-2特异性、选择性抑制剂的出现使这类药物有了新的发展,但对COX-2/COX-1的抑制程度及其作用仍有争议;另一方面有研究认为部分NSAIDs对软骨基质代谢有负面作用[1]。而原先认为具有潜在软骨保护作用的氨基葡萄糖(Glucosamine)类药物在近年的研究中发现其作用仍不肯定,且对临床疼痛等症状的改善缺乏效用[2-3]。
刺络放血疗法历史悠久,文献记载始于1973年底在湖南马王堆汉墓中出土我国现存最古的医学方书《五十二病方》。刺络放血疗法具有除恶血、通经脉、调血气、改变经络中气血运行[14]。《素问阴阳应像大论》指出:“血实宜决之”。张景岳注:“决,为泄去其血也”杨继洲在《针灸大成》中亦云:“人之气血凝滞不通,犹水之凝滞而不通也。水之不通,决之使流于湖海,气血不通,针之使周于经脉。”剌血的部位在脉络,因此刺络放血疗法影响的不外乎气与血,气血关系失调即是刺络放血疗法的适应症。所以针刺放血疗法治疗疾病,既可以疏通经络中壅滞的气血,使气滞血疲的一系列病变恢复正常,从而达到治疗疾病的目的。
膜韧膏由红花、当归等16味中药组成,具有活血、消肿止痛之功效,是上海中医药大学附属曙光医院用于治疗急、慢性软组织损伤和其他一些常见的骨伤科疾病的医院内部制剂,已有50多年历史,疗效显著[4]。
范华雨等[5]认为中医外治法可以通过延缓软骨细胞异常凋亡,调节细胞外基质的降解,抑制炎症因子,减缓关节软骨的损伤,降低骨内压,改善血液循环等机制发挥治疗KOA的作用。
本研究将跪行作为基础治疗,加载刺络放血及膜韧膏,比较跪行、跪行合刺络放血、跪行合膜韧膏三者之间的疗效差异,为临床上KOA的治疗提供参考。其研究结果将用于临床膝骨关节炎患者的治疗。
本研究项目计划于本月在中国临床试验中心进行注册,并通过中国临床试验中心伦理委员会审议,是遵从中国国家相关法规和赫尔辛基宣言等保护受试者权益的伦理原则的。
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Description for medicine or protocol of treatment in detail:
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1.1 grouping
A total of 108 patients with knee arthritis were randomly divided into two groups: kneel therapy group, kneel therapy + collateral puncture and bloodletting group, kneel therapy + membrane nourishing paste group, with 36 cases in each group.
1.2 intervention measures
1.2.1 baseline intervention
Subjects in each group received health education to maintain the balance between the groups.Mission content:
Scientific diet, balanced nutrition;
Reasonable work and rest, the rule of life;
(3) moderate exercise, combination of work and rest;
Balanced psychology, physical and mental health.
(5) assisted in the light of pain to provide a diet, spirit, living, meridian points and other content of the recommendations.
Ask the patient during the treatment and after the treatment to pay attention to rest, not overwork.
1.2.2 kneeling method group
The subject shall lay the yoga mat (180 cm long, 60 cm wide, 1.5 cm thick, made of crosslinked polyethylene foam, supplied by huzhou changyuan special hair technology co., LTD.) on the hard floor, bend the knee 90 °, keep the upper body perpendicular to the ground, naturally hang down the hands to maintain balance, and relax the waist.Walk forward and backward using the lower margin of the patella of the knee and the front of the tibial plateau as a support point.Five minutes at a time, three times a day.
1.2.3 kneel line + puncture and bloodletting group
Kneel and walk the same as 1.2.2
Body surface positioning: tenderness points around the knee joint.
Specific operation methods: the patient was supine, the tenderness points around the knee joint were checked after physical examination, and one or two places with the most obvious pressing pain were selected from the inner side of the patella, the upper side of the patella, the lower side of the patella, the outer upper side of the patella, the lower side of the patella and the popliteal fossa, and 75% local disinfection was selected.Use a disposable injection needle 350 mm long and 30 mm thick to quickly point at the selected area of pain 30 times with a depth of 2~3 mm.Select the appropriate size of PVC material negative pressure tank for suction 3 negative pressure for puncture collateral bloodletting, leave the tank for 5 minutes, use sterile gauze to clean out local blood stasis, and use gauze to wrap up the bloodletting, ask the patient to observe the bleeding at any time, if there is wound infection immediately contact the members of the research group for treatment.
Treatment time: treatment every 7 days, treatment 3 times for a course of treatment, lasting 3 weeks.
1.2.4 kneel line + membrane tough paste group
Kneel and walk the same as 1.2.2
(2) body surface positioning: knee joint medial pain
(3) specific operation method: apply membrane tough paste (7.5cm ×11cm per tablet, approval no. : huyao Z04100926).Prepared by the preparation room of shuguang hospital affiliated to Shanghai university of traditional Chinese medicine.Apply the membrane paste to the pain area on the inside of the knee joint every night after the bath or before going to bed.
Treatment time: paste once a day, 12h each time, for 4 weeks.
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Inclusion criteria
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The diagnostic criteria of KOA refer to the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis (2018 edition) formulated by the Chinese society of traditional Chinese medicine in 2018 [5].
(1) repeated pain in past one month;
(2) X-ray film (standing position or weight-bearing position) showed knee joint space narrowing, subchondral osteosclerosis and/or cystic change, osteophyte formation at joint edge;
(3) aged >=50 years;
(4) The morning stiffness time <=30min;
(5) With bone friction sound (feeling).
Meet (1) + any 2 of (2), (3), (4), (5) iteams can be diagnosed as knee osteoarthritis.
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Exclusion criteria:
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(1) for inflammatory arthritis (such as rheumatoid or psoriatic), this study will test subjects for rheumatoid factors, blood sedimentation and anti-o before inclusion, excluding the possibility of rheumatoid arthritis;
(2) The coagulation dysfunction;
(3) Previous hip/knee replacement surgery or planning to undergo hip/knee surgery during the trial;
(4) Patients with knee joint tumor, tuberculosis, suppuration and disease affecting joint structure and function;
(5) At the same time, the local use of external treatment, such as local treatment;
(6) Patients with diseases that hinder participation in and influence the completion of the study, such as myocardial infarction or stroke, congestive failure, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, diabetes, severe systemic disease, and severe mental illness in the past three months;
(7) Local skin scar is not suitable for intervention, such as: psoriasis, toxic neuropathy, etc.
(8) Any test drugs being used in the past 30 days;
(9) at the same time to participate in other clinical trials, unable to complete the instruments.
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