Exclusion criteria:
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Exclusion criteria for patients with chronic urticaria: (1) with acute urticaria, drug sex urticaria, induced urticaria (cold sex urticaria, hot sex urticaria, solar sex urticaria, delay pressure sex urticaria, anti-vibration effect sex urticaria, cholinergic urticaria, sex urticaria, etc.), urticaria, vasculitis and other associated with urticaria "appearance of the skin disease; ② Had received hormone, immunosuppressant or biological agent treatment in the last 3 months, or received relevant Traditional Chinese medicine treatment one week before enrollment; ③ Women who are pregnant, trying to become pregnant or breastfeeding; ④ With a history of severe respiratory, digestive, circulatory, urinary, hematological, endocrine or nervous system diseases. ⑤ There were the following factors affecting fecal collection: (1) gastrointestinal surgery (e.g., cholecystectomy and appendectomy) within 5 years, or other operations within 6 months; (2) a history of autoimmune disease, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, or colitis of unknown etiology; (3) Previous history of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gastric cancer and pregastric cancer; (4) Used antibiotics within 3 months; (5) drugs containing bismuth basic salicylate and other similar bismuth basic salicylate have been used in the past 1 week; (6) Have eaten probiotic-containing food or drugs, such as yogurt and cheese, in the past 2 weeks; (7) Have bad habits such as alcoholism, men drink 5 times a week or more, women drink 4 times a week or more, the average amount of alcohol per time is more than 2 liang liquor or 5 bottles of beer. ⑥ Patients who refuse to sign informed consent.
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